Influencias del mundo y el cuerpo en la sexualidad del adulto mayor / Influences exerted by the world and the body on older adults' sexuality

Introducción: La sexualidad es una dimensión humana poco atendida por las ciencias de la salud pese a la necesidad de cuidado expresada por los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Describir el significado de la sexualidad del adulto mayor desde la influencia del mundo y el cuerpo. Método: Estudio fenomenológico guiado por los conceptos de la Fenomenología de la percepción de Merleau Ponty, realizado en una ciudad del centro de México en grupos de adultos mayores. Muestreo intencional con criterios de selección: adulto mayor con capacidad de comunicación verbal conservada, sin deterioro cognitivo (≥24 puntos en Mini Examen del Estado Mental) y con capacidad de decisión jurídica, participaron 16 adultos mayores, considerando criterio de saturación de información. Se realizaron entrevistas fenomenológicas virtuales analizadas con el método fenomenológico de Giorgi. Se respetaron los criterios éticos y de rigor cualitativo. Resultados: A partir de las unidades de significado identificadas surgieron tres temas: 1) Mundo vivido del adulto mayor; 2) Posibilidades del cuerpo actual; 3) Estereotipos y prejuicios sobre la sexualidad del adulto mayor. Conclusiones: La sexualidad del adulto mayor está influida por el contexto donde se desenvuelve y por las experiencias vividas al respecto a lo largo de toda su vida. Las enfermedades y limitaciones físicas afectan la sexualidad del adulto mayor y dificultan su expresión, en este mismo sentido. Los estereotipos y prejuicios que existen sobre la sexualidad en la sociedad y en la familia condicionan la expresión sexual y obliga a la represión de la sexualidad por el mismo adulto mayor (AU)

Introduction: Despite the care need expressed by older adults, sexuality is a human dimension that is hardly addressed by Health Sciences. Objective: To describe the meaning of older adults' sexuality based on the influence exerted by the world and the body. Method: A phenomenological study guided by the concepts of Merleau Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception, conducted in a city from central Mexico with groups of older adults. Intentional sampling with the following selection criteria: older adults with preserved verbal communication ability, with no cognitive decline (≥24 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination), and with legal decision capacity; the participants were 16 older adults, considering the data saturation criterion. Virtual phenomenological interviews were conducted, analyzed according to Giorgi's phenomenological method. The ethical and qualitative rigor criteria were respected. Results: Three topics emerged from the units of meaning identified, namely: 1) The world as experienced by older adults; 2) Possibilities of the current body; and 3) Stereotypes and preconceptions about older adults' sexuality. Conclusions: Older adults' sexuality is influenced by the context where they interact and by the experiences underwent in this aspect throughout their lives. Diseases and physical limitations affect aged people's sexuality and hinder its expression; in this same sense, the stereotypes and preconceptions about sexuality existing in society and in the family condition sexual expression and force older adults themselves to repress their sexuality (AU)

Implementing nursing diagnoses and care for the spiritual dimension of people with cancer: educational actions.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the implementation of nursing diagnoses and care for the spiritual dimension of people with cancer. METHOD: Action research in a university hospital in the north-east of Brazil. Nine nurses and thirteen nursing technicians from the Onco-hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of this hospital took part. Data collection took place in four phases and involved the talking map technique, pedagogical workshops and a logbook. The groups' speeches were coded using Maxqda software, subjected to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis and interpreted in the light of Paulo Freire's constructs. RESULTS: Phase 1 sought to apprehend the participants' prior knowledge on the subject; in phase 2, proposals emerged for spiritual care organized in the Nursing Process; in phase 3, the diagnoses and care plan for the spiritual dimension for clinical practice were contemplated; and in phase 4, through the final evaluation, it was possible to see the transformations that occurred in the nursing team's practice with the proposed implementation. CONCLUSION: The educational actions provided significant learning for the nursing team and the implementation of diagnoses and nursing care for the spiritual dimension of people with cancer.

Implementation of a nursing strategy for self-transcendence in older adults: an experience report.

OBJECTIVES: to report the experience of implementing a nursing strategy to promote self-transcendence in older adults attended at a Primary Health Care center. METHODS: an experience report on the implementation of a strategy addressing the Theory of Self-Transcendence by nursing to older adults in a primary health unit, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, from October to November 2022. RESULTS: fourteen older adults and three nurses participated. From the expression of feelings, speeches about self-transcendence, spirituality and physical activity promotion, the strategy was satisfactory. Emotional, cognitive and spiritual changes were observed in the different dimensions of the Theory of Self-Transcendence. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the nursing strategy on self-transcendence made it possible to identify significant moments that helped to identify the key points in which older adults were; it helped to intervene from a person-to-person care perspective.

Difficulties in the practice of the phenomenological nursing interview with long-lived older adults: an experience report.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the difficulties in the practical intervention of a phenomenological nursing interview with long-lived older adults. METHOD: Experience report of data collection through a phenomenological interview in 10 long-lived older adults between March and July 2022 in a geronto-geriatric center in the north of Mexico. RESULTS: It was found that the difficulties in conducting the phenomenological interview in nursing depend on distinct factors that can be contextual (institution, family or companions) or personal (participants and researcher). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The phenomenological interview can be rigorously implemented with long-lived older adults, the conditions for its implementation are determined by the researcher according to the characteristics of the participants and the research topic; these conditions must be specified before and during the interview.

Significado del cuidado espiritual de enfermería en pacientes en cuidados paliativos

Objetivo: describir el significado de cuidado espiritual que brinda el personal de enfermería a los pacientes en cuidados paliativos Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo; con enfermeras de instituciones de salud de segundo nivel de atención en el estado de Guanajuato. Selección de participantes por muestreo por conveniencia con 9 participantes. Colecta de datos a través de entrevista semiestructurada audiograbada, análisis de datos temático; se respetaron los criterios éticos, los participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado. Resultados: emergieron seis temas: Cuidar las necesidades de los pacientes, Significado de espiritualidad, Acompañamiento, alivio y apoyo, Cuidando el respeto de las creencias, Dificultades vividas en el cuidado espiritual y Necesidad de cambios en el cuidado espiritual. Conclusiones: el significado del cuidado espiritual de enfermería considera la conexión con la naturaleza y el universo y las creencias y prácticas; esta conexión nace en el cuidado de las necesidades propias que fomentan confort, la espiritualidad da sentido al cuidado espiritual como el acompañar, aliviar y apoyar teniendo en cuenta el respeto de las creencias. Se encuentran dificultades en el cuidado espiritual y una necesidad de cambios en el mismo para poder incorporarlo en el cuidado cotidiano.

Objective: to describe the meaning of spiritual care provided by nurses to palliative care patients. Methods: this is a qualitative, descriptive study; with nurses from second level health care institutions in the state of Guanajuato. Selection of participants by convenience sampling with 9 participants. Data collection through semi-structured audio-recorded interview, thematic data analysis; ethical criteria were respected, participants signed an informed consent. Results: six themes emerged: caring for patients' needs, Meaning of spirituality, Accompaniment, relief and support, Caring for respect of beliefs, Difficulties experienced in spiritual care and Need for changes in spiritual care. Conclusions: the meaning of nursing spiritual care considers the connection with nature and the universe and beliefs and practices; this connection is born in caring for one's needs that foster comfort, spirituality gives meaning to spiritual care as accompanying, relieving and supporting taking into account respect for beliefs. Difficulties are found in spiritual care and a need for changes in it in order to incorporate it into daily care.

Implementation of a nursing strategy for self-transcendence in older adults: an experience report / Implementação de uma estratégia de enfermagem para a autotranscendência em idosos: relato de experiência / Implementación de estrategia de enfermería para autotrascendencia en adulto mayor: relato de experiencia

ABSTRACT Objectives: to report the experience of implementing a nursing strategy to promote self-transcendence in older adults attended at a Primary Health Care center. Methods: an experience report on the implementation of a strategy addressing the Theory of Self-Transcendence by nursing to older adults in a primary health unit, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, from October to November 2022. Results: fourteen older adults and three nurses participated. From the expression of feelings, speeches about self-transcendence, spirituality and physical activity promotion, the strategy was satisfactory. Emotional, cognitive and spiritual changes were observed in the different dimensions of the Theory of Self-Transcendence. Final Considerations: the nursing strategy on self-transcendence made it possible to identify significant moments that helped to identify the key points in which older adults were; it helped to intervene from a person-to-person care perspective.

RESUMO Objetivos: relatar a experiência da implementação de uma estratégia de enfermagem para promover a autotranscendência em idosos atendidos em um centro de Atenção Primária À Saúde. Métodos: relato de experiência sobre a implementação de uma estratégia abordando a Teoria da Autotranscendência pela enfermagem a idosos de uma unidade de saúde de primária, em San Luis Potosí, México, de outubro a novembro de 2022. Resultados: participaram 14 idosos e três enfermeiros. A partir da expressão de sentimentos, falas sobre autotranscendência, promoção da espiritualidade e atividade física, a estratégia foi satisfatória, e foram observadas mudanças emocionais, cognitivas e espirituais nas diferentes dimensões da Teoria da Autotranscendência. Considerações Finais: a estratégia de enfermagem sobre autotranscendência possibilitou identificar momentos significativos que ajudaram a identificar os pontos-chave em que os idosos se encontravam; isso ajudou a intervir a partir de uma perspectiva de cuidado de pessoa para pessoa.

RESUMEN Objetivos: relatar la experiencia de la implementación de una estrategia de enfermería para promover la autotrascendencia en adultos mayores que acuden a un centro de primer nivel de atención en salud. Métodos: relato de experiencia sobre implementación de una estrategia abordando la Teoría de Autotrascendencia por enfermería a adultos mayores de una unidad de salud de primer nivel, en San Luis Potosí, México, de octubre-noviembre del 2022. Resultados: participaron 14 adultos mayores y tres enfermeros. A partir de la expresión de sentimientos, charlas sobre autotrascendencia, fomento de espiritualidad y actividad física, la estrategia resultó satisfactoria. Se observaron cambios emocionales, cognitivos y espirituales en las diferentes dimensiones de la Teoría de Autotrascendencia. Consideraciones Finales: la estrategia de enfermería sobre autotrascendencia permitió plasmar momentos significativos que ayudaron a identificar puntos clave en los que se encontraban los adultos mayores; esto ayudó para intervenir desde una perspectiva del cuidado de persona a persona.

Difficulties in the practice of the phenomenological nursing interview with long-lived older adults: an experience report / Dificuldades na prática da entrevista fenomenológica de enfermagem com idosos longevos: relato de experiência / Dificultades en la práctica de entrevista fenomenológica enfermera con adultos mayores longevos: relato de experiencia

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the difficulties in the practical intervention of a phenomenological nursing interview with long-lived older adults. Method: Experience report of data collection through a phenomenological interview in 10 long-lived older adults between March and July 2022 in a geronto-geriatric center in the north of Mexico. Results: It was found that the difficulties in conducting the phenomenological interview in nursing depend on distinct factors that can be contextual (institution, family or companions) or personal (participants and researcher). Final considerations: The phenomenological interview can be rigorously implemented with long-lived older adults, the conditions for its implementation are determined by the researcher according to the characteristics of the participants and the research topic; these conditions must be specified before and during the interview.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as dificuldades na intervenção prática de uma entrevista fenomenológica de enfermagem com idosos longevos. Método: Relato de experiência de coleta de dados por meio de entrevista fenomenológica em 10 idosos longevos entre março e julho de 2022 em um centro geronto-geriátrico do norte do Mexico. Resultados: Constatou-se que as dificuldades na realização da entrevista fenomenológica na enfermagem dependem de diversos fatores que podem ser contextuais (instituição, família ou acompanhantes) ou pessoais (participantes e pesquisador). Considerações finais: A entrevista fenomenológica pode ser implementada de forma rigorosa com idosos de longa duração, as condições da sua implementação são determinadas pelo investigador de acordo com as características dos participantes e o tópico de investigação, estas condições devem ser especificadas antes e durante a entrevista.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las dificultades en la intervención práctica de una entrevista fenomenológica de enfermería con adultos mayores longevos. Método: Relato de experiencia de la recolección de datos mediante una entrevista fenomenológica en 10 adultos mayores longevos entre marzo y julio del 2022 en un centro geronto-geriátrico al norte de México. Resultados: Se encontró que las dificultades para realizar la entrevista fenomenológica en enfermería dependen de diferentes factores que pueden ser contextuales (institución, familia o acompañantes) o personales (participantes e investigador). Consideraciones finales: La entrevista fenomenológica puede ser implementada con rigurosidad con adultos mayores longevos, las condiciones de su realización son determinadas por el investigador en función de las características de los participantes y el tema de investigación, por lo que se deben precisar estas condiciones antes y durante la entrevista.

Reflexión sobre cuidado enfermero en la dimensión espiritual a cuidadores de adultos mayores con Alzheimer / Reflection on nursing care in the spiritual dimension for caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease

INTRODUCCIÓN. El Alzheimer tiene repercusiones en la persona que la padece, mismas que comprometen su funcionalidad y la vida cotidiana llevándola a la dependencia y a la necesidad de un cuidador. El deterioro del cuidador también se vuelve notorio y se ha identificado que la dimensión espiritual favorece el afrontamiento del cuidador, por lo que el objetivo del presente es reflexionar sobre el cuidado enfermero de la dimensión espiritual a través de la propuesta de intervenciones a cuidadores de adultos mayores con Alzheimer. DESARROLLO. Generalmente, los cuidados serán proporcionados por un cuidador familiar, que por lo general tiene déficit de conocimientos previos sobre el cuidado e incluso como un rol impuesto. La espiritualidad entendida más allá de la religiosidad puede comprenderse como una conexión intra, inter y transpersonal que favorecerá el bienestar del cuidador. Se han integrado intervenciones que la enfermera puede llevar a cabo para fomentar la espiritualidad y cuidar la dimensión espiritual del cuidador. La espiritualidad intrapersonal puede favorecerse a través de la meditación, musicoterapia, arteterapia y la escritura terapéutica; la espiritualidad interpersonal a través de la escucha activa, el contacto con la naturaleza y los grupos de ayuda; la espiritualidad transpersonal a través de la oración y la lectura espiritual. CONCLUSIONES. La enfermera puede incorporar las intervenciones para favorecer y promover el bienestar del cuidador en su espiritualidad; la adaptación de cada intervención puede desarrollarse conforme a las creencias del cuidador, el contexto y la cultura.

INTRODUCTION. Alzheimer's disease has repercussions for the person who suffers from it, repercussions that compromise their functionality in daily life, leading to dependence and the need for a caregiver. The impact of the condition on the caregiver is also recognized and there is evidence that spirituality can support the caregiver's coping behaviors. GOAL: The aim of this paper is to reflect on the role of the spiritual dimension in providing nursing care through proposed interventions for caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease. DEVELOPMENT. Generally, care will be provided by a family caregiver, who often lacks previous knowledge about caregiving, even as an imposed role. Spirituality, beyond religiosity, can be understood as an intra-, inter- and transpersonal connection that promotes the caregiver's well-being. Interventions that the nurse can carry out to foster and support the spiritual dimension of the caregiver have been integrated. Intrapersonal spirituality can be promoted through meditation, music therapy, art therapy and therapeutic writing; interpersonal spirituality through active listening, contact with nature and support groups; and transpersonal spirituality through prayer and spiritual reading. CONCLUSIONS. The nurse can incorporate interventions to encourage and promote the caregiver's spiritual well-being, and each intervention can be adapted to the caregiver's beliefs, context, and culture.

Propuesta reflexiva conceptual sobre la trascendencia espiritual y sus implicaciones para enfermería / Reflective conceptual proposal on spiritual transcendence and its implications for nursing

OBJETIVO: Elaborar una propuesta reflexiva conceptual sobre la trascendencia espiritual y sus implicaciones para enfermería. CONTENIDO: En el presente artículo se realizó una reflexión teórica sobre el fenómeno de la trascendencia espiritual y la construcción interpretativa del concepto destacando revisión de sus atributos que permiten su comprensión. Se incluyen los principales atributos conceptuales y se reflexiona sobre la trascendencia espiritual en enfermería, entendida como una capacidad motivada de manera intrínseca en la persona frente a situaciones vitales, esta capacidad le permite conectar con la situación y buscar sobrepasarla a partir de su sentido de espiritualidad. CONCLUSIONES: La trascendencia espiritual involucra el camino que puede llevar a la persona a una comprensión de situaciones contemplativas y de dificultad y a la vez a contemplar la vida y la existencia de una forma armónica y esta capacidad puede ser promovida en el cuidado de la enfermera.

OBJECTIVE: To elaborate a conceptual reflective proposal on spiritual transcendence and its implications for nursing. CONTENT: In this article, a theoretical reflection on the phenomenon of spiritual transcendence and the interpretative construction of the concept was carried out, highlighting a review of its attributes that further contributed to its understanding. The main conceptual attributes of spiritual transcendence are included and its implications for nursing reflected upon. Spiritual transcendence is understood as an intrinsically motivated capacity in the person in the face of life situations, a capacity that allows him/her to connect with the situation and seek to overcome it based on his/her sense of spirituality. CONCLUSIONS: Spiritual transcendence provides a path that can lead the person to an understanding of difficult situations, while allowing time to contemplate life and existence in a harmonious way. This is a capacity that can be promoted in nursing care.

Implementing nursing diagnoses and care for the spiritual dimension of people with cancer: educational actions / Implementación de diagnósticos y cuidados de enfermería para la dimensión espiritual de las personas con cáncer: acciones educativas / Implementação de diagnósticos e cuidados de enfermagem à dimensão espiritual da pessoa com câncer: ações educativas

ABSTRACT Objective: To establish the implementation of nursing diagnoses and care for the spiritual dimension of people with cancer. Method: Action research in a university hospital in the north-east of Brazil. Nine nurses and thirteen nursing technicians from the Onco-hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of this hospital took part. Data collection took place in four phases and involved the talking map technique, pedagogical workshops and a logbook. The groups' speeches were coded using Maxqda software, subjected to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis and interpreted in the light of Paulo Freire's constructs. Results: Phase 1 sought to apprehend the participants' prior knowledge on the subject; in phase 2, proposals emerged for spiritual care organized in the Nursing Process; in phase 3, the diagnoses and care plan for the spiritual dimension for clinical practice were contemplated; and in phase 4, through the final evaluation, it was possible to see the transformations that occurred in the nursing team's practice with the proposed implementation. Conclusion: The educational actions provided significant learning for the nursing team and the implementation of diagnoses and nursing care for the spiritual dimension of people with cancer.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer la implementación de diagnósticos y cuidados de enfermería para la dimensión espiritual de personas con cáncer. Método: Investigación-acción en un hospital universitario del nordeste de Brasil. Participaron nueve enfermeros y trece técnicos de enfermería de la Unidad de Oncohematología y Trasplante de Médula Ósea de este hospital. La recogida de datos se realizó en cuatro fases e incluyó la técnica del mapa parlante, talleres pedagógicos y un cuaderno de bitácora. Los discursos de los grupos se codificaron con el programa Maxqda, se sometieron al análisis temático de Braun y Clarke y se interpretaron a la luz de los constructos de Paulo Freire. Resultados: La fase 1 buscó captar los conocimientos previos de los participantes sobre el tema; en la fase 2, surgieron propuestas de cuidados espirituales organizados en el Proceso de Enfermería; en la fase 3, se contemplaron los diagnósticos y el plan de cuidados de la dimensión espiritual para la práctica clínica; y en la fase 4, a través de la evaluación final, fue posible ver las transformaciones ocurridas en la práctica del equipo de enfermería con la implementación propuesta. Conclusión: Las acciones educativas proporcionaron aprendizajes significativos para el equipo de enfermería y la implementación de diagnósticos y cuidados de enfermería para la dimensión espiritual de las personas con cáncer.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estabelecer a implementação de diagnósticos e cuidados de enfermagem à dimensão espiritual da pessoa com câncer. Método: Pesquisa-ação, em um hospital universitário do Nordeste do Brasil. Participaram nove enfermeiros e treze técnicos de enfermagem da Unidade de Oncohematologia e Transplante de Medula Óssea do referido hospital. A coleta de dados aconteceu em quatro fases e envolveu a técnica do mapa falante, oficinas pedagógicas e o diário de bordo. As falas dos grupos foram codificadas com auxílio do software Maxqda, submetidas à análise temática de Braun e Clarke e interpretadas à luz dos construtos de Paulo Freire. Resultados: A fase 1 buscou apreender o saber prévio dos participantes sobre a temática; na fase 2, surgiram propostas para o cuidado espiritual organizado no Processo de Enfermagem; na fase 3, contemplou-se os diagnósticos e plano de cuidados à dimensão espiritual para a prática clínica; e na fase 4, através da avaliação final, foi possível constatar as transformações ocorridas na prática da equipe de enfermagem com a implementação proposta. Conclusão: As ações educativas proporcionaram a aprendizagem significativa da equipe de enfermagem e implementação dos diagnósticos e cuidados de enfermagem à dimensão espiritual da pessoa com câncer.

Aged people's affected sexuality and the nanda-i/noc/nic links: cross-mapping / Sexualidad afectada de adultos mayores y las conexiones nanda-i/noc/nic: mapeo cruzado / Sexualidade afetada de pessoas idosas e as ligações nanda-i/noc/nic: mapeamento cruzado

ABSTRACT Objective: to map Nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions for factors that affect aged people's sexuality. Method: a descriptive study that used the cross-mapping method to establish the links between the NANDA-International Nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions, the Nursing Outcomes Classification and the Nursing Interventions Classification, for the factors that affect sexuality identified in aged residents from a public gerontological center in the city of Aguascalientes, Mexico. The data were collected between April and September 2021. A phenomenological study revealed the elements that affect sexuality; subsequently, the Nursing diagnoses were mapped and links with Nursing outcomes and interventions were established, based on specialists' consensus. Results: a total of 11 Nursing diagnoses were mapped, more prevalent among the Perception/Cognition, Self-perception and Health Promotion domains from the NANDA-International taxonomy; as well as 10 different Nursing outcomes from the Nursing Outcomes Classification belonging to the Functional Health, Physiological Health, Psychosocial Health and Health Knowledge and Behavior domains; and 11 Nursing interventions, in the Basic Physiological and Behavioral domains from the Nursing Interventions Classification. Conclusion: Nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions were identified, addressing the recognized factors that affect aged people's sexuality.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de Enfermería para los factores que afectan la sexualidad de adultos mayores. Método: estudio descriptivo que empleó el método de mapeo cruzado para establecer las conexiones entre diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de Enfermería de NANDA-Internacional, la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería y la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería, para los factores que afectan la sexualidad identificados en adultos mayores que viven en un centro gerontológico público de la ciudad de Aguascalientes, México. Los datos se recolectaron entre abril y septiembre de 2021. Los factores que afectan la sexualidad se obtuvieron de un estudio fenomenológico, para luego mapear diagnósticos de Enfermería y establecer las conexiones con resultados e intervenciones de Enfermería por medio do consenso de especialistas. Resultados: se mapearon 11 diagnósticos de Enfermería, más prevalentes entre los dominios de Percepción/Cognición, Autopercepción y Promoción de la Salud de la taxonomía NANDA-Internacional; al igual que 10 resultados de Enfermería diferentes de la Clasificación de Resultados de Enfermería pertenecientes a los dominios de Salud Funcional, Salud Fisiológica, Salud Psicosocial y Conocimiento en Salud y Comportamiento; para finalizar con 11 intervenciones de Enfermería distribuidas entre los dominios Fisiológico Básico y Comportamental de la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería. Conclusión: se identificaron diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de Enfermería, abordando los factores reconocidos que afectan la sexualidad de adultos mayores.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem para os fatores que afetam a sexualidade de pessoas idosas. Método: estudo descritivo que utilizou o método de mapeamento cruzado para estabelecer as ligações de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem da NANDA-Internacional, Classificação de Resultados de Enfermagem e Classificação de Intervenções de Enfermagem, para os fatores que afetam a sexualidade identificados em pessoas idosas residentes em um centro gerontológico público, na cidade de Aguascalientes, México. Os dados foram coletados entre os meses de abril e setembro de 2021. Os fatores que afetam a sexualidade foram obtidos de um estudo fenomenológico, após foram mapeados diagnósticos de enfermagem e estabelecidas as ligações com resultados e intervenções de enfermagem, por meio do consenso de especialistas. Resultados: foram mapeados 11 diagnósticos de enfermagem, mais prevalentes entre os domínios de percepção/cognição, autopercepção e promoção da saúde da taxonomia NANDA-Internacional; 10 diferentes resultados de enfermagem da Classificação de Resultados de Enfermagem pertencentes aos domínios de saúde funcional, saúde fisiológica, saúde psicossocial e conhecimento em saúde e comportamento; e 11 intervenções de enfermagem, entre os domínios fisiológico básico e comportamental da Classificação de Intervenções de Enfermagem. Conclusão: identificaram-se diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem, abordando os fatores reconhecidos que afetam a sexualidade de pessoas idosas.

Freirean pedagogy implications for the teaching of phenomenology in nursing: an experience report.

OBJECTIVE: To report the learning experience of students in the discipline "Phenomenology, Formation and Research", and to analyze the pedagogic planning of its problematization in the process of construction of knowledge, in a strict sensu program in Nursing and Health. METHOD: Descriptive-analytic report of the learning plan offered and of the theoretical framework of the data, from a Freirean perspective. RESULTS: The discipline was offered in the form of distance-education classes to six students and organized in three units: the first included five synchronous meetings and one asynchronous meeting; the second, three synchronous meetings; and the third, seven synchronous meetings and one asynchronous meeting. The methodologies applied included: presentations from guest lecturers, inverted classroom, and conceptual map. Husserl's and Heidegger's lines of thought were discussed. CONCLUSION: The construction of knowledge in phenomenology by postgraduates took place according with Freire's pedagogical structure, highlighting the concept of problematization.

La enfermera en los cuidados paliativos en unidades de cuidados intensivos una Teoría del Final de Vida Pacífico / The Nurse in Palliative Care in Intensive Care Units, a Peaceful End of Life Theory

Introducción: La elevada tasa de mortalidad en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos por enfermedades sin posibilidades terapéuticas introdujo los cuidados paliativos en este escenario. En este contexto, la labor de la enfermera se hace primordial para posibilitar a los pacientes y familiares una atención biopsicosocial y espiritual, con la promoción de una asistencia integral que debe basarse en teorías como la Teoría del Final de la Vida Pacífico. Objetivo: Conocer la actuación de la enfermera en los cuidados paliativos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos a la luz del Teoría del Final de la Vida Pacífico. Métodos: Estudio con enfoque cualitativo realizado con 14 enfermeras de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Inmunológica de un hospital privado de la ciudad de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. El período de recogida de datos se realizó entre noviembre de 2018 y mayo de 2019, mediante entrevista con guion semiestructurado; se analizaron a través de la técnica de Análisis de Contenido de Bardin y se discutieron a la luz de la Teoría del Final de Vida Pacífico. Resultados: Surgieron cuatro categorías: Comprensión de las enfermeras sobre los cuidados paliativos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Percepción y actuación de las enfermeras en la comodidad del paciente en Cuidados Paliativos. La enfermera permite la proximidad a la familia. La enfermera permite que el paciente esté en paz. Conclusión: La actuación de la enfermera en cuidados paliativos se dirige a los cuidados terminales e implica en promover el confort, acciones de aproximación familiar y actitudes que dignifiquen el proceso de morir(AU)

Introduction: The high mortality rate in intensive care units due to diseases without therapeutic possibilities introduced palliative care in this setting. In this context, the nurse's work becomes paramount to enable patients and families a biopsychosocial and spiritual care, with the promotion of a comprehensive care that should be based on theories such as the peaceful end of life theory. Objective: To know the nurse's performance in palliative care in the intensive care unit under the peaceful end of life theory. Methods: A study with a qualitative approach was carried out with fourteen nurses from the immunological intensive care unit of a private hospital Salvador City, Bahia, Brazil. Data collection covered the period between November 2018 and May 2019, using the semistructured interview. They were analyzed through Bardin's content analysis technique and discussed under the peaceful end of life theory. Results: Four categories emerged: nurses' understanding of palliative care in the intensive care unit, nurses' perception and performance concerning patient comfort in palliative care, the nurse allows proximity to the family, and the nurse allows the patient to be at peace. Conclusion: The nurse's performance in palliative care is directed to terminal care and involves promoting comfort, family approach actions and attitudes that dignify the dying process(AU)

Phenomenological interview of older adults through virtual media: an experience report.

OBJECTIVES: to report the experience of conducting phenomenological interviews through virtual means in a group of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: an experience report on the main aspects that the researchers experienced in the virtual phenomenological interview process as an alternative to face-to-face interviews with older adults during social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: the experience of conducting phenomenological interviews by videoconference was useful, enriching and satisfying. The difficulties that arose were smaller in relation to the benefits of the technique. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the use of technology to optimize qualitative data collection is a recommended strategy that can be adopted by nursing whenever the research objectives allow.

Nursing professor as being-cared for in the professor-student relationship.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the meaning of professor as being-cared for that is manifested in the nursing professor-student relationship. METHOD: a qualitative phenomenological study, using Martin Heidegger's philosophical framework. It was carried out at a public university in Mexico. The phenomenological interview was used as a data collection method. An ontic analysis and a second analysis were carried out through Martin Heidegger's Hermeneutic circle. RESULTS: within the interviews, 5 main themes were discovered, which were classified as: Care of physical needs, occupation as care; Nursing care teaching; Monitoring and coexisting with professors; Encouraging reflection on care towards authenticity; Students as a person, coexistence and existence of care. CONCLUSION: nursing professors, in addition to being the one who provides students with necessary knowledge for training nursing professionals, share aspects that involve more than science itself. Professors become a collaborator who hopes to contribute to nursing students' deepest aspects, impacting their academic training favorably.

Experiencia vivida del primer contacto con muerte en prácticas clínicas de estudiantes de enfermería / Lived experience of first contact with death in nursing students' clinical practicum

Introducción: La muerte es un fenómeno complejo, las enfermeras en formación pueden enfrentarseal proceso de morir y muerte de personas, lo que puede generar diversas situaciones que representansus experiencias vividas.Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia vivida ante el primer contacto con la muerte durante prácticasclínicas de estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública.Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico. Se llevó a cabo de octubre del 2020 afebrero del 2021. Selección de participantes por muestreo intencional con saturación de informacióncon siete participantes. Recolección de datos a través de entrevista fenomenológica; los participantesemitieron su consentimiento informado. El análisis se llevó a cabo por las tres fases del métodofenomenológico hermenéutico de Max Van Manen (descripción, interpretación, descripción másinterpretación).Resultados: Los estudiantes refieren haber estado frente al fenómeno en un estado de impotencia,bloqueo, incertidumbre y miedo; así como afrontaron la muerte de manera profesional y reflexiva parabrindar cuidado de calidad.Discusión: La muerte es un proceso natural, sin embargo, las primeras experiencias son diversas ypueden producir en los estudiantes un conjunto de emociones que condicionan su capacidad de actuar,el modo de adaptarse y observar las necesidades surgidas durante esta experiencia.Conclusión: Las experiencias de los estudiantes de enfermería demuestran que tienen dificultadespara afrontar la muerte, pero no fue un impedimento para brindar los cuidados necesarios; se consideraque una preparación más profunda sobre el proceso de morir puede ser favorable para su actuar comoprofesiona (AU)

Introduction: Death is a complex phenomenon, nurses in training may face the process of dying anddeath of people, which can generate diverse situations that represent their lived experiences.Objective: To understand the lived experience of the first contact with death during clinical practicum ofnursing students at a public university.Methodology: Qualitative study with phenomenological approach. It was conducted from October 2020to February 2021. Selection of participants by intentional sampling with information saturation withseven participants. Data collection through phenomenological interview; participants gave informedconsent. The analysis was carried out through the three phases of Max Van Manen's hermeneuticphenomenological method (description, interpretation, description plus interpretation).Results: The students refer to having been faced with the phenomenon in a state of helplessness,blockage, uncertainty, and fear; as well as facing death in a professional and reflective manner in orderto provide quality care.Discussion: Death is a natural process; however, the first experiences are diverse and can produce inthe students a set of emotions that condition their capacity to act, the way of adapting and observing theneeds that arise during this experience.Conclusion: The experiences of nursing students show that they have difficulties in facing death, but itwas not an impediment to provide the necessary care; it is considered that a deeper preparation on theprocess of dying can be favorable for their performance as professionals (AU)

Intervención educativa sobre cuidado espiritual para estudiantes de licenciatura en enfermería y obstetricia / Spiritual care educational intervention for undergraduate nursing and midwifery students

Para los estudiantes de enfermería es indispensable la formación en el cuidado espiritual para identificar y satisfacer las propias necesidades espirituales y las de las personas que cuidarán, la dimensión espiritual es inherente al ser humano, para abordarla se requieren conocimientos que lleven a la reflexión e interés en la atención desde una perspectiva integral.

For nursing students, training in spiritual care is essential to identify and satisfy their own spiritual needs and those of the people they will care for; the spiritual dimension is inherent to the human being, and to address it requires knowledge that leads to reflection and interest in care from an integral perspective.

Experiencia vivida, Van Manen como referente para la investigación fenomenológica del cuidado / Lived experience, Van Manen as a reference for phenomenological research on care / Experiência vivida, Van Manen como referência para pesquisa fenomenológica do cuidado

La fenomenología como filosofía y cómo método de investigación cualitativa en salud y en-fermería se ha posicionado como un abordaje que permite desvelar fenómenos complejos del cuidado. Los seres humanos están inmersos en diversos fenómenos del cuidado que pueden ser comprendidos a través de las experiencias vividas en diversos escenarios. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la propuesta de Van Manen sobre la experiencia vivida como un referente para la investigación fenomenológica en el cuidado de la enfermería y la salud. A través de la revisión crítica del referente de la fenomenología hermenéutica de Van Manen, se propone el abordaje de los fenómenos del cuidado a través del análisis de las experiencias vividas. Este referente metodológico puede ser una guía que efectuada de forma rigurosa provee a los enfermeros de una herramienta científica para la exploración de los fenómenos del cuidado. Las enfermeras investigadoras en fenomenología exploran cada experiencia vivida y la transforman en un texto fenomenológico que les permite desvelar fenómenos importantes para la disciplina de la enfermería

Phenomenology as a philosophy and qualitative research method in health and nursing has positioned itself as an approach that allows to uncover complex care phenomena. Human beings are immersed in diverse care phenomena that could be understood through lived ex-periences in diverse scenarios. The objective of this article is to describe the proposal of Van Manen on lived experience as a reference for phenomenological research of nursing care and health. Through a critical review of Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenology, an approach of the care phenomena is proposed through the analysis of lived experiences. This method-ological reference could be a guide that if carried-out meticulously provides nurses with a scientific tool for exploration of care phenomena. Research nurses in phenomenology explore each lived experience and transform them into a phenomenological text that allows to reveal important phenomena for the nursing discipline

A fenomenologia como filosofia e como método de pesquisa qualitativa em saúde e enfer-magem tem se posicionado como uma abordagem que permite revelar fenômenos complexos de cuidado. Os seres humanos estão imersos em diversos fenômenos de cuidado que podem ser compreendidos através das experiências vividas em diversos cenários. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a proposta de Van Manen sobre a experiência vivida como referência para pesquisas fenomenológicas em cuidados de enfermagem e saúde. Através da revisão crítica do referente Van Manen da fenomenologia hermenêutica, a abordagem dos fenômenos do cuidado é proposta através da análise de experiências vividas. Essa referência metodológica pode ser um guia que, realizada rigorosamente, fornece aos enfermeiros uma ferramenta científica para explorar os fenômenos do cuidado. Pesquisadores de fenomenologia de enfer-magem exploram cada experiência vivida e a transformam em um texto fenomenológico que revela fenômenos importantes para a disciplina de enfermagem

Análisis de la producción científica de la sexualidad del adulto mayor: una revisión integrativa / Análise da produção científica da sexualidade do idoso: uma revisão integrativa / Analysis of the scientific production of the sexuality of older adults: an integrative review

Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica sobre la sexualidad del adulto mayor en los últimos cinco años, así como su nivel de evidencia. Método: Se realizó una revisión integrativa sobre la sexualidad del adulto mayor, se consultaron las bases de datos Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud, Dialnet, EBSCO, Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina, Redalyc, Science Direct, Biblioteca Electrónica Científica Online, Scopus y Springer buscando artículos originales publicados entre 2015 y 2019. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 29 artículos originales de los cuales 17 corresponden al diseño cualitativo, 11 al cuantitativo y uno de diseño mixto. Se evalúo el nivel de evidencia y se realizó un análisis descriptivo. Conclusión: Una cantidad considerable de adultos mayores refiere mantenerse sexualmente activo expresando la necesidad de abordajes relativos a la sexualidad por parte de los profesionales de salud, especialmente enfermería. Existe una relación positiva entre satisfacción con la sexualidad y satisfacción con la vida entre los adultos mayores, reflejando la importancia del estudio de este tema.

Objective: To analyze the scientific production on the sexuality of older people in the last five years, as well as its level of evidence. Method: An integrative review on the sexuality of the older people was conducted; Latin American and Caribbean Center for Health Sciences Information, Dialnet, EBSCO, National Library of Medicine, Redalyc, Science Direct, Online Scientific Electronic Library, Scopus and Springer databases were consulted looking for original articles published between 2015 and 2019. Results: Twenty-nine original articles were selected, of which 17 corresponded to qualitative design, 11 to quantitative design and one to mixed design. The level of evidence was evaluated and a descriptive analysis was performed. Conclusion: A considerable number of older people report being sexually active, expressing the need for approaches related to sexuality by health professionals, especially nurses. There is a positive relationship between satisfaction with sexuality and satisfaction with life among the elderly, reflecting the importance of studying this topic.

Freirean pedagogy implications for the teaching of phenomenology in nursing: an experience report / Contribuciones de la pedagogía freireana en la enseñanza de la fenomenología en enfermería: relato de experiencia / Contribuições da pedagogia freireana para o ensino da fenomenologia em enfermagem: relato de experiência

ABSTRACT Objective: To report the learning experience of students in the discipline "Phenomenology, Formation and Research", and to analyze the pedagogic planning of its problematization in the process of construction of knowledge, in a strict sensu program in Nursing and Health. Method: Descriptive-analytic report of the learning plan offered and of the theoretical framework of the data, from a Freirean perspective. Results: The discipline was offered in the form of distance-education classes to six students and organized in three units: the first included five synchronous meetings and one asynchronous meeting; the second, three synchronous meetings; and the third, seven synchronous meetings and one asynchronous meeting. The methodologies applied included: presentations from guest lecturers, inverted classroom, and conceptual map. Husserl's and Heidegger's lines of thought were discussed. Conclusion: The construction of knowledge in phenomenology by postgraduates took place according with Freire's pedagogical structure, highlighting the concept of problematization.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Relatar la experiencia de aprendizaje de los estudiantes en la disciplina "Fenomenología, Formación e Investigación", y analizar la planificación pedagógica de su problematización en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento en un programa stricto sensu en Enfermería y Salud. Método: Informe descriptivo-analíticodel plan de enseñanza ofrecido y marco teórico de los datos desde la perspectiva freireana. Resultados: La disciplina se ofreció a seis estudiantes en la modalidad a distancia y se organizó en tres unidades: la primera consta de cinco encuentros sincrónicos y uno asincrónico; la segunda, de tres encuentros sincrónicos; y la tercera, de siete encuentros sincrónicos y un asincrónico. Se destacaron las siguientes metodologías: clase expositiva de participantes externos invitados, aula invertida y mapa conceptual. Se abordaron las líneas de pensamiento husserliana y heideggeriana. Conclusión: La construcción del conocimiento de la fenomenología por parte de los estudiantes en el postgrado ocurrió según la estructura pedagógica de Freire, con énfasis en el constructo"problematización".

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar a experiência de aprendizagem discente na disciplina "Fenomenologia, Formação e Pesquisa", e analisar o planejamento pedagógico de sua problematização no processo de construção do conhecimento, em programa stricto sensu em Enfermagem e Saúde. Método: Relato descritivo-analítico do plano de ensino ofertado com enquadramento teórico dos dados sob a perspectiva freireana. Resultados: A disciplina foi ofertada a seis discentes na modalidade remota e organizada em três unidades: a primeira composta por cinco encontros síncronos e um assíncrono; a segunda por três encontros síncronos e a terceira com sete síncronos e um assíncrono. Destacaram-se como metodologias aplicadas: aula expositiva de convidados externos,sala de aula invertida e mapa conceitual. Foram abordadas as linhas de pensamento husserliana e heideggeriana. Conclusão: A construção do conhecimento da fenomenologia por pós-graduandos ocorreu de acordo com a estrutura pedagógica de Freire, tendo como destaque, o constructo da problematização.